Learning New Words: Parts of Speech and Suffixes, Part 2

2022-05-07

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1
  • Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we will continue to answer Erol's question about learning new words by using suffixes to create adjectives and adverbs.
    • 2
  • Hello,
    • 3
  • My name is Erol.
    • 4
  • What is the best way of learning words?
    • 5
  • I am very confused about this subject.
    • 6
  • Can you give me some advice about learning words, please?
    • 7
  • Last week we looked at creating nouns and verbs by adding suffixes to words.
    • 8
  • Now, we will create adjectives and adverbs with suffixes.
    • 9
  • Words that add meaning to a sentence are known as content words.
    • 10
  • Content words often appear as one of the four major parts of speech: nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs.
    • 11
  • Let us look at an example with all four major parts of speech:
    • 12
  • The orange cat cried loudly.
    • 13
  • The adjective, "orange" describes the color of the cat which is the noun.
    • 14
  • Loudly is the adverb that describes the verb "cry" in the past tense.
    • 15
  • We add suffixes to the end of the base form of a word to change the part of speech.
    • 16
  • This way we can create several words from the base form in English.
    • 17
  • To change some nouns into adjectives we can use several endings: -ful, -less, -y, -al, -ic, and -ical.
    • 18
  • For example:
    • 19
  • "Beauty" (noun) + suffix -ful = "beautiful"
    • 20
  • Change the "y" to "i" and add the suffix -ful.
    • 21
  • The suffix -ful means having the quality of the noun.
    • 22
  • "Emotion" (noun) + suffix -less = "emotionless"
    • 23
  • The suffix -less means "without."
    • 24
  • "Rain" (noun) + suffix -y = "rainy"
    • 25
  • The suffix -y means to be characterized by.
    • 26
  • "Organization" (noun) + suffix -al = "organizational"
    • 27
  • Keep the noun suffix -ation. And add -al, the adjective ending.
    • 28
  • This suffix means "relating to."
    • 29
  • "History" (noun) + suffix -ic = historic
    • 30
  • Remove the -y and add the suffix -ic.
    • 31
  • This word means important or famous in history.
    • 32
  • "History (noun) + suffix -ical = historical
    • 33
  • Remove the -y and add the suffix.
    • 34
  • This word means relating to history or past events.
    • 35
  • Let us move on to making adjectives from verbs!
    • 36
  • To turn some verbs into adjectives, we can use the suffixes -ive, -ious, -ing, -ed/-en and -able.
    • 37
  • For example:
    • 38
  • "Create" (verb) + suffix -ive = "creative"
    • 39
  • Drop the -e and add the suffix.
    • 40
  • "Study" (verb) + suffix -ious = "studious"
    • 41
  • Drop the -y and add the suffix.
    • 42
  • Sometimes participles are used as adjectives. These adjectives can have a sense of either continuation (-ing) or completion (-en or -ed).
    • 43
  • For example:
    • 44
  • "Cry" (verb) + suffix -ing = "crying"
    • 45
  • Keep the -y and add the suffix.
    • 46
  • An example sentence is:
    • 47
  • The crying baby did not sleep all night.
    • 48
  • "Shake" (verb) + suffix -en = "shaken"
    • 49
  • An example of this suffix is:
    • 50
  • I often drink teas shaken with milk.
    • 51
  • Lastly, for making adjectives from verbs, we have the suffix -able. It means able or possible to do.
    • 52
  • "Break" (verb) + suffix -able = breakable.
    • 53
  • This word means able to be broken.
    • 54
  • Finally, many adjectives become adverbs by adding the suffix -ly.
    • 55
  • Creative (adjective) + suffix -ly = creatively
    • 56
  • Now let us complete the chart from last week that lists possible words you can make by adding suffixes:
    • 57
  • Understanding suffixes can be a path to quickly learning a lot of new content words.
    • 58
  • What question do you have about American English? Send us an email at learningenglish@voanews.com
    • 59
  • And that's Ask a Teacher.
    • 60
  • I'm Faith Pirlo.
    • 1
  • Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we will continue to answer Erol's question about learning new words by using suffixes to create adjectives and adverbs.
    • 2
  • Question:
    • 3
  • Hello,
    • 4
  • My name is Erol. What is the best way of learning words? I am very confused about this subject. Can you give me some advice about learning words, please?
    • 5
  • Answer:
    • 6
  • Last week we looked at creating nouns and verbs by adding suffixes to words. Now, we will create adjectives and adverbs with suffixes.
    • 7
  • Reviewing parts of speech and suffixes
    • 8
  • Words that add meaning to a sentence are known as content words. Content words often appear as one of the four major parts of speech: nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs.
    • 9
  • Let us look at an example with all four major parts of speech:
    • 10
  • The orange cat cried loudly.
    • 11
  • The adjective, "orange" describes the color of the cat which is the noun. Loudly is the adverb that describes the verb "cry" in the past tense.
    • 12
  • We add suffixes to the end of the base form of a word to change the part of speech. This way we can create several words from the base form in English.
    • 13
  • Making adjectives from nouns
    • 14
  • To change some nouns into adjectives we can use several endings: -ful, -less, -y, -al, -ic, and -ical.
    • 15
  • For example:
    • 16
  • "Beauty" (noun) + suffix -ful = "beautiful"
    • 17
  • Change the "y" to "i" and add the suffix -ful.
    • 18
  • The suffix -ful means having the quality of the noun.
    • 19
  • "Emotion" (noun) + suffix -less = "emotionless"
    • 20
  • The suffix -less means "without."
    • 21
  • "Rain" (noun) + suffix -y = "rainy"
    • 22
  • The suffix -y means to be characterized by.
    • 23
  • "Organization" (noun) + suffix -al = "organizational"
    • 24
  • Keep the noun suffix -ation. And add -al, the adjective ending.
    • 25
  • This suffix means "relating to."
    • 26
  • "History" (noun) + suffix -ic = historic
    • 27
  • Remove the -y and add the suffix -ic.
    • 28
  • This word means important or famous in history.
    • 29
  • "History (noun) + suffix -ical = historical
    • 30
  • Remove the -y and add the suffix.
    • 31
  • This word means relating to history or past events.
    • 32
  • Let us move on to making adjectives from verbs!
    • 33
  • Making adjectives from verbs
    • 34
  • To turn some verbs into adjectives, we can use the suffixes -ive, -ious, -ing, -ed/-en and -able.
    • 35
  • For example:
    • 36
  • "Create" (verb) + suffix -ive = "creative"
    • 37
  • Drop the -e and add the suffix.
    • 38
  • "Study" (verb) + suffix -ious = "studious"
    • 39
  • Drop the -y and add the suffix.
    • 40
  • Sometimes participles are used as adjectives. These adjectives can have a sense of either continuation (-ing) or completion (-en or -ed).
    • 41
  • For example:
    • 42
  • "Cry" (verb) + suffix -ing = "crying"
    • 43
  • Keep the -y and add the suffix.
    • 44
  • An example sentence is:
    • 45
  • The crying baby did not sleep all night.
    • 46
  • "Shake" (verb) + suffix -en = "shaken"
    • 47
  • An example of this suffix is:
    • 48
  • I often drink teas shaken with milk.
    • 49
  • Lastly, for making adjectives from verbs, we have the suffix -able. It means able or possible to do.
    • 50
  • "Break" (verb) + suffix -able = breakable.
    • 51
  • This word means able to be broken.
    • 52
  • Finally, many adjectives become adverbs by adding the suffix -ly.
    • 53
  • Creative (adjective) + suffix -ly = creatively
    • 54
  • Now let us complete the chart from last week that lists possible words you can make by adding suffixes:
    • 55
  • Nouns
    • 56
  • Verbs
    • 57
  • Adjectives
    • 58
  • Adverbs
    • 59
  • Creation
    • 60
  • Create
    • 61
  • Creative
    • 62
  • Creatively
    • 63
  • Argument
    • 64
  • Argue
    • 65
  • Argumentative
    • 66
  • Argumentatively
    • 67
  • Dancer
    • 68
  • Dance
    • 69
  • Dancing
    • 70
  • Responsibility
    • 71
  • Responsible
    • 72
  • Responsibly
    • 73
  • Activist
    • 74
  • Activate
    • 75
  • Active
    • 76
  • Actively
    • 77
  • Understanding suffixes can be a path to quickly learning a lot of new content words.
    • 78
  • What question do you have about American English? Send us an email at learningenglish@voanews.com
    • 79
  • And that's Ask a Teacher.
    • 80
  • I'm Faith Pirlo.
    • 81
  • Faith Pirlo wrote this lesson for VOA Learning English.
    • 82
  • Words in This Story
    • 83
  • suffix -n. a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning
    • 84
  • confused - adj. to be uncertain or unable to understand something
    • 85
  • chart -n. a form of presenting information using a table or columns to group things
    • 86
  • Do you have a question for the teacher? We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section.